Psychosocial Predictors of Normative Transgression during the COvID-19 Pandemic in Peruvian Citizens / Predictores psicosociales de transgresión normativa durante la pandemia de COvID-19 en ciudadanos peruanos / Preditores psicossociais de transgressão normativa durante a pandemia de COvID-19 em cidadãos peruanos

This research investigated psychological correlates with norm non-compliance during the National State of Emergency declared in Peru at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, it looks at the relationship between Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), perceptions of legitimacy, strength and efficacy of the normative system, and trust in the institutions. It also looks at individual justifications for norm non-compliance and the frequency of transgression. A correlational research design using questionnaires was developed with a sample of 126 participants. Results show that transgression of government-issued norms during the Peruvian National State of Emergency is linked to the ideological compo- nent of SDO and perceptions of a weak and illegitimate normative system. These results are consistent with previous studies on normative transgression in Latin American countries. Additionally, results suggest that the need for subsistence (i.e., generating resources to sustain the household) is fundamental to comprehensively understanding transgressive behavior in contexts of vulnerability such as a global pandemic. The discussion highlights how a precarious socio-political structure ­ one incapable of meeting the basic needs of large sectors of the population­ emerges as a central cause of normative transgression in times of crisis

Esta investigación indaga los correlatos psicológicos con el incumplimiento de normas durante el Estado de Emergencia Nacional declarado en Perú con ocasión de la pandemia del COVID-19. Específicamente, se exa- mina la relación entre la Orientación a la Dominancia Social (ODS), las percepciones de legitimidad, fortaleza y eficacia del sistema normativo y la confianza en las instituciones. También examina las justificaciones individuales del incumplimiento de las normas, así como la frecuencia de la transgresión. Se desarrolló un diseño de investigación correlacional mediante cuestionarios con una muestra de 126 participantes. Los resultados muestran que la transgresión de las normas emitidas por el Gobierno durante el Estado de Emergencia Nacional peruano, están vinculadas al componente ideológico del ODS y a la percepción de un sistema normativo débil e ilegítimo. Estos resultados son consistentes con estudios previos sobre transgresión normativa en países latinoamericanos. Adicionalmente, los resultados sugieren que la necesidad de subsistencia (es decir, la generación de recursos para el sostenimiento del hogar), es fundamental para comprender de manera integral el comportamiento transgresor en contextos de vulnerabilidad como una pandemia global. La discusión destaca cómo una estructura sociopolítica precaria ­incapaz de satisfacer las necesidades básicas de amplios sectores de la población­ emerge como causa central de la transgresión normativa en tiempos de crisis.

Esta pesquisa investiga as correlações psicológicas com o descumprimento de normas durante o Estado Nacional de Emergência declarado no Peru na época da pandemia da COVID-19. Especificamente, ela analisa a relação entre a orientação de dominância social (ODS), as percepções de legitimidade, força e eficácia do sistema normativo e a confiança nas instituições. Também analisa as justificativas individuais para a não conformidade com a norma, bem como a frequência da transgressão. Um projeto de pesquisa correlacional usando questionários foi desenvolvido com uma amostra de 126 participantes. Os resultados mostram que a transgressão das normas emitidas pelo governo durante o Estado de Emergência Nacional do Peru está ligada ao componente ideológico da ODS e às percepções de um sistema normativo fraco e ilegítimo. Esses resultados são consistentes com estudos anteriores sobre transgressão normativa em países latino-americanos. Além disso, os resultados sugerem que a necessidade de subsistência (ou seja, a geração de recursos para sustentar a família) é fundamental para compreender de forma abrangente o comportamento transgressivo em contextos de vulnerabilidade, como uma pandemia global. A discussão destaca como uma estrutura socio- política precária ­incapaz de atender às necessidades básicas de grandes setores da população­ surge como uma causa central da transgressão normativa em tempos de crise.

Examining the correlation between sexual and reproductive health stigmatization level and gender perception: a case of a university in Turkey - a descriptive cross-sectional study

Abstract BACKGROUND Stigmatization, which emerges depending on the sexual behavior of young individuals, leads to negative health and social outcomes, such as shame, social marginalization, violence, and mental health morbidity. Objective: This study aimed to examine the correlation between the level of sexual and reproductive health stigma and gender perception in female university students. DESIGN AND SETTING: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Health Sciences of a university in Turkey. METHODS: The data of this study were collected from digital media between July and October 2020 from a study population of 385 students. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, including the socio-demographic characteristics of students, the Sexual and Reproductive Health Stigmatization Scale in Young Women and the Perception of Gender Scale. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation test were used to assess the data. RESULTS: It was determined that there was a negative correlation between the Sexual and Reproductive Health Stigmatization Scale in Young Women and the Perception of Gender Scale (r = -0.173, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: It was determined that as the gender perception in the young women who participated in the study increased, the sexual and reproductive health stigmatization level decreased. The sexual and reproductive health stigmatization levels of the participants were at an above average level, and gender perception was at a medium level.

From Virtue to Norm: Ethical Thinking on the Construction of Harmonious Doctor-patient Relationship / 中国医学伦理学

Virtue ethics and normative ethics are corresponding ethical concepts, and their collision and integration promote the development of ethical system. On the issue of doctor-patient relationship, from virtue to norm is the objective requirement of social transformation and development, and is also the inevitable choice to resolve doctor-patient conflicts and reshape doctor-patient relationships. In the new era, the construction of doctor-patient relationship faces ethical dilemma such as one-sided emphasis on doctors’ virtue cultivation, unclear ethical responsibilities between doctors and patients, and lack of trust and tolerance between doctors and patients. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the institutionalization of doctor ethics, clarify the ethical responsibilities of both doctors and patients, optimize the social ethical ecological environment, so as to realize the ethical reconstruction of doctor-patient relationship from virtue to norm.

Investigation of self-measured health status of college students in Tibetan universities and construction of a standard model / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To investigate the self-measured health status of college students in Tibet, and to construct the self-measured health scale (SRHMS V1.0) norm of College students in Tibet.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. A multistage stratified sampling method was used. From April to June 2022, a total of 7 990 college students were selected from all colleges and universities in the Tibet Autonomous Region (7 in total). The self-rated health of Tibetan college students was investigated and evaluated by combining demographic information and SRHMS V1.0. Descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance ( Brown-Forsythe test for unequal variance, LSD test for multiple comparisons), and Spearman correlation analysis were used to construct mean norm, percentile norm, and delimitation norm of physiological scale health (PSH), mental scale health (MSH), social scale health (SSH) score and total scale health (TSH) scores. Results:The total score of self-assessed health assessment among college students in Tibetan universities was (72.18±12.35). For different genders, the PSH, MSH, SSH and TSH scores were (73.85±13.78), (65.80±14.73), (69.85±16.00) and (73.44±12.77) for boys and (71.18±13.36), (62.81±14.03), (68.57±14.90) and (70.92±11.94) for girls, respectively. Scores on each subscale and total scale were statistically significant different between the different sexes ( t=2.531, 2.672, 1.867, 2.623, all P<0.05). For different grades, the PSH, MSH, SSH and TSH scores of the freshman were (73.36±13.23), (65.77±14.58), (70.98±15.60) and (73.51±11.91); the sophomore were (70.74±13.73), (62.40±13.60), (66.92±14.62) and (70.16±12.28), the junior were (75.48±13.09), (64.08±15.12), (71.90±15.12) and (74.10±12.36); and the senior were (67.21±14.41), (59.19±17.67), (64.91±18.59) and (66.94±14.59) respectively, with the differences in scores of each subscale and the total scale in different grades being statistically significant ( F=3.952, 3.611, 4.841, 5.583, all P<0.05). The mean norm, percentile norm and demarcation norm of the total score and each subscale of self-measured health of college students in Tibetan universities were constructed with gender and grade as the cut-off values. Conclusion:The model of self-measured health assessment scale for students in colleges and universities in Tibet is established, which can provide evaluation criteria for evaluating the health status of college students in Tibet and plateau areas.

Naturally-Occurring Radioactive Materials at water treatment plant on the Poços de Caldas Plateau Region, Brazil / Materiais Radioativos de Ocorrência Natural em estações de tratamento de água no Planalto de Poços de Caldas, Brasil

ABSTRACT Oil and gas, mining, among others, are examples of facilities where naturally occurring radioactive materials can be found. This study aims to evaluate the presence of natural radioactive series, especially those of 238U and 232Th, in the water treatment plants of Poços de Caldas City, Minas Gerais. The presence of these series was investigated in samples of raw water, treated water, sludge from decanters, and scale from Parshall gutters. The sludge, input, and scale samples were submitted to the gamma spectrometry technique to determine the 226Ra, 228Ra, and 210Pb radionuclides. For U and Th, ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry was performed, and for the alpha and beta total values, radiochemical separation and subsequent alpha and beta total counts were performed. The results indicate that water samples are within the Ministry of Health Ordinance n° 5 (2017). Due to the different concentrations of radionuclide activity in the sludge, it was not possible to affirm the same order of magnitude with the sediment from the catchments. However, the values are in accordance with those established by the European Union Council for Naturally-Occurring Radioactive Materials. In the scale, the contents of 1192, 1704, and 301 Bq kg−1 were identified for 226Ra, 228Ra, and 210Pb, respectively. In the inputs of aluminum sulfate and calcium hydroxide, no relevant activities were identified. The results obtained in the study can serve as an indicative regarding the need for a more detailed evaluation of the radiological issue in question concerning public water supplies.

RESUMO Petróleo e gás, mineração, estações de tratamento de água, entre outros, são exemplos de instalações que podem apresentar Materiais Radioativos de Ocorrência Natural. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a presença de séries radioativas naturais, especialmente as de 238U e 232Th nas estações de tratamento de água da cidade de Poços de Caldas/MG. Foram investigadas as presenças dessas séries em amostras de água bruta, de água tratada, no lodo dos decantadores e nas incrustações das calhas Parshall, além dos principais insumos utilizados. As amostras de lodo, insumos e incrustações foram submetidas à técnica de espectrometria gama para a determinação dos radionuclídeos 226Ra, 228Ra e 210Pb. Para U e Th, realizou-se espectrofotometria ultravioleta-visível, e para os valores de Alfa e Beta totais foram realizadas separação radioquímica e posterior contagem Alfa e Beta total. Os resultados indicaram que as amostras de águas estão em conformidade com a Portaria de Consolidação n° 5 de 2017 do Ministério da Saúde. Dadas as diferentes concentrações de atividade dos radionuclídeos no lodo, não foi possível afirmar a mesma ordem de magnitude com o sedimento das captações. Entretanto, os valores estão consonantes com o estabelecido pelo conselho da União Europeia para Materiais Radioativos de Ocorrência Natural. Nas incrustações foram identificados teores de 1.192 Bq.kg-1, 1.704 Bq.kg-1 e 301 Bq.kg-1 para 226Ra, 228Ra e 210Pb, respetivamente. Já para os insumos Sulfato de Alumínio (Al4(SO4)3) e Hidróxido de Cálcio Ca(OH)2 não foram identificadas atividades relevantes. Os resultados obtidos no estudo podem servir como indicativos da necessidade de uma avaliação mais detalhada sobre a questão radiológica em foco, em relação ao abastecimento público de águas.

Construction of competency norm of clinical nursing teachers in tertiary first-class hospitals in northwest China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To establish the norm of clinical nursing teachers' competency in tertiary first-class hospitals in northwest China.Methods:From August 2019 to February 2020, 1 077 clinical nursing teachers were selected from 12 tertiary first-class hospitals in northwest China by stratified, random and proportional sampling, and were investigated with the Clinical Nursing Teacher Competency Evaluation Scale. Descriptive statistics were carried out on the sample data, and univariate variance analysis and pairwise comparison were carried out on the multi-classification variables of age, nursing age, professional title, teaching years and the number of teachers per year. The verified data were exported to SPSS 26.0 for statistical analysis, variance analysis was used for multi-group comparison, and LSD test was used for pairwise comparison between groups.Results:①The corresponding mean norm was established by grouping the total score and the first-class index; the percentile norm was made with 5% spacing; P10, P30, P70 and P90 were selected as the grading demarcation points, and the demarcation norm was constructed. ②Factor analysis showed that there were statistical differences in personality characteristics among different ages, nursing ages and professional titles ( P<0.05), and also in professional attitudes among different nursing ages and professional titles ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The establishment of norm provides references for individuals or units to evaluate teachers' competence.

Current situation of treatment and disposal of NORM solid waste in China / 中国辐射卫生

@#China has a huge cumulative storage of NORM solid waste, which urgently needs to be treated and disposed of in a scientific and standard way. Through analyzing the current status and technologies of treatment and disposal of NORM solid waste and relevant environmental radiation protection regulations and standards, we put forward suggestions on the improvement of regulations and standards and the applicability of treatment and disposal technologies, to provide a reference for the green and sustainable development of mineral resources in China.

The Fear of COVID-19 Scale adaptation and validation / Adaptação e validação da Escala de Medo da COVID-19

This study aimed to adapt and raise evidences of validity based on the internal structure, on the relationship with other variables, and on the content of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) in Brazilian Portuguese. We performed the Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the scale, its invariance analysis by gender, and established norms for interpreting the instrument's scores. Participants were 1,000 adults of both genders. The findings showed all fit indices as satisfactory, confirming the scale's one-dimensionality and its invariance. Results also demonstrated convergent validity between the FCV-19S and the stress of the subjects. Moreover, the stratification of the intensity of fear (mild, moderate and severe) was determined based on the standardization of scores. We concluded that FCV-19S presents sufficient evidence to support its use to assess the fear of Covid-19S in Brazil.

Este estudo objetivou adaptar e levantar evidências de validade com base na estrutura interna, na relação com outras variáveis e de conteúdo da Escala de Medo da COVID-19 (EMC-19, Fear of COVID-19 Scale) para português brasileiro. Para tanto, realizou-se a Análise Fatorial Confirmatória da medida e sua análise de invariância por sexo; ademais, estabeleceu--se normas para interpretação dos escores do instrumento. Fizeram parte da pesquisa 1.000 adultos, de ambos os sexos. Os resultados evidenciaram que todos os índices de ajuste foram satisfatórios, confirmando a unidimensionalidade da escala, bem como sua invariância. Constatou-se, ainda, que houve validade convergente entre a EMC-19 e o estresse dos participantes. Além disso, foram propostos estratos de classificação da intensidade do medo (leve, moderado e severo) com base na normatização dos escores. Por fim, concluiu-se que a EMC-19 apresenta evidências suficientes que recomendam a sua utilização para medida do medo da COVID-19 no Brasil.

The construction, reliability & validity test, and norm establishment of geriatric comprehensive health evaluation system / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To construct a geriatric comprehensive health evaluation system, and establish the norm of corresponding score.Methods:The methods of Delphi survey was implemented to develop the geriatric comprehensive health evaluation system.The weight coefficients of the items were calculated and assigned according to the expert-graded importance score and Saaty analytic hierarchy process.Reliability and validity of the system were examined.Goodness of fit was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis.The demarcation norm of geriatric comprehensive health score was established based on an empirical study of 2, 118 non-hospitalized elderly population.Results:During the process of Delphi expert consultation and item analysis, nine items were deleted and two items were added.In the end, the 29-item comprehensive geriatric health evaluation system was developed, which included three dimensions of physiology, psychology, as well as social support and environment.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the evaluation system was 0.709.The exploratory factor analysis-extracted ten common factors meet ten second-level items.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the goodness of fit of the system was good.Geriatric health status was divided into five grades of very poor, poor, general, good and excellent by 0.5 to 1 standard deviation.The demarcation norm of geriatric comprehensive health score for different age and gender was established accordingly.Conclusions:The reliability and validity of the geriatric comprehensive health evaluation system are satisfactory.The construction of comprehensive health evaluation system and the establishment of the norm can facilitate the quantitative assessment of geriatric health status, and provide a reference for the screening and grading of individual health status in the elderly.

Genotype by environment interactions for body weight in Mediterranean buffaloes using reaction norm models / Interacción genotipo × ambiente para peso corporal de búfalos Mediterráneos utilizando modelos de norma de reacción / Interação genótipo × ambiente para peso corporal de búfalos Mediterrâneos utilizando modelos de norma de reação

Abstract Background: Buffalo breeding has significantly increased in Brazil over recent years. However, few genetic evaluations have been conducted. Objective: To assess Genotype x Environment Interactions in the Mediterranean Water Buffalo in Brazil, for weight at 205 days of age, using reaction norm models via random regression. Methods: Data for buffaloes born between 1990 and 2014 were collected from five farms ascribed to the Brazilian Buffaloe Improvement Program, located in the North (1), Northeast (1), South (2) and Southeast (1) regions of Brazil. The initial database consisted of 5,280 observations at 205 days of age (W205). We assessed fit using two hierarchical reaction norm models: a two-step (HRNM2s) and a one-step (HRNM1s). Model fit was estimated using the Deviance Information Criterion, Deviance Based on Bayes Factors and Deviance based on Conditional Predictive Ordinate. The environmental descriptors were created to group individuals into common production environments based on year, season, herd and sex. Results: The best fit was obtained for the hierarchical reaction norm model with one-step (HRNM1s). Direct heritability estimates for this model ranged from 0.17 to 0.67 and the maternal heritability from 0.02 to 0.11 with increasing environmental gradient. Lower correlations among the sire classifications were obtained in comparison with HRNM1s in environments with low and high management, confirming the presence of genotype x environment interactions. Conclusion: We recommend a wider application of genetic evaluation in buffalo aimed at identifying optimal genotypes within specific environments.

Resumen Antecedentes: La cría de búfalos ha aumentado significativamente en Brasil en los últimos años. Sin embargo, se han realizado escasas evaluaciones genéticas. Objetivo: Evaluar las interacciones genotipo x ambiente en búfalos de agua Mediterráneos criados en Brasil, para peso a los 205 días de edad, utilizando modelos de reacción mediante regresión aleatoria. Métodos: Los datos de búfalos nacidos entre 1990 y 2014 se obtuvieron de cinco granjas situadas en el Norte (1), Nordeste (1), Sur (2) y del Sureste (1) de Brasil. Todas estas haciendas participan en el Programa Brasileño de Mejoramiento de Búfalos. Nuestra base de datos inicial consistió de 5.280 observaciones a los 205 días de edad (P205). Evaluamos el ajuste utilizando dos modelos de norma de reacción jerárquica: de dos pasos (HRNM2s) y un paso (HRNM1s). El ajuste del modelo se estimó usando el Criterio de información de la desviación, desviación basado en los factores de bayes y desviación basado en la ordenación predictiva condicional. Los descriptores ambientales fueron creados para agrupar individuos en ambientes de producción comunes basados en año, estación, rebaño y sexo. Resultados: El mejor ajuste se obtuvo para el modelo de norma de reacción jerárquica con un paso (HRNM1s). Las estimaciones de heredabilidad directa para este modelo variaron de 0,17 a 0,67 y la heredabilidad materna de 0,02 a 0,11 con gradiente ambiental creciente. Las correlaciones más bajas entre las clasificaciones de los reproductores se obtuvieron en comparación con las HRNM1s, en ambientes con bajo y alto manejo, confirmando la presencia de interacciones genotipo x ambiente. Conclusiones: Recomendamos la aplicación amplia de la evaluación genética en búfalos para identificar genotipos óptimos en ambientes específicos.

Resumo Antecedentes: A criação de búfalos aumentou significativamente no Brasil nos últimos anos. No entanto, eles raramente foram objeto de avaliações genéticas. Objetivo: Avaliar as interações genótipo x ambiente em búfalo Mediterrâneo criados no Brasil, para peso aos 205 dias de idade, utilizando modelos de reação por meio de regressão aleatória. Métodos: Os dados para búfalos de água do Mediterrâneo nascidos entre 1990 e 2014 foram coletados de cinco fazendas localizadas nas regiões Norte (1), Nordeste (1), Sul (2) e Sudeste (1) do Brasil. Todas essas fazendas participam do Programa Brasileiro de Melhoramento dos Búfalos. Nosso banco de dados inicial consistiu de 5.280 observações aos 205 dias de idade (P205). Nós avaliamos o ajuste usando dois modelos de norma de reação hierárquica: um de dois passos (HRNM2s) e um passo (HRNM1s). O ajuste do modelo foi estimado usando o Critério de informações do desvio, desvio baseado nos fatores de bayes e desvio baseado na ordenação preditiva condicional. Os descritores ambientais foram criados para agrupar indivíduos em ambientes de produção comuns baseados em ano, estação, rebanho e sexo. Resultados: O melhor ajuste foi obtido para o modelo de norma de reação hierárquica com um passo (HRNM1s). As estimativas de herdabilidade direta para este modelo variaram de 0,17 a 0,67 e a herdabilidade materna de 0,02 a 0,11 com gradiente ambiental crescente. As correlações mais baixas entre as classificações dos reprodutores foram obtidas em comparação com as HRNM1s, em ambientes com baixo e alto manejo, confirmando a presença de interações genótipo x ambiente. Conclusões: Recomendamos a aplicação mais ampla da avaliação genética em búfalos visando identificar genótipos ótimos em ambientes específicos.

Screening and validation of RT-qPCR reference genes of Viola yedoensis under different light intensities / 中国中药杂志

Screening the reference genes that were stably expressed under different light intensities for Viola yedoensis could provide reference for the related molecular research. In this study, 11 candidate reference genes were detected by RT-qPCR for tissues of V. yedoensis treated with different light intensities. Ge Norm, Norm Finder, Best Keeper, and Ref Finder website were used to comprehensively evaluate the reference genes, and verify the stability of the reference gene based on CAT1. Finally, the ideal reference gene was determined. The results showed that CYP, Actin, and SAMDC had small Ct value ranges and stable expression. Ge Norm demonstrated that CYP, SAMDC, and Actin were suitable reference genes. Norm Finder showed that the expression of α-TUB was the most stable. Best Keeper recommended CYP, Actin, and SAMDC as reference genes. Ref Finder assessed that SAMDC, CYP, α-TUB, and Actin had better stability, while GAPDH had the worst stability. The expression trend of CAT1 gene was consistent when calibrated with SAMDC, CYP, and Actin, while it was quite different from that calibrated with GAPDH. In summary, SAMDC, CYP, and Actin can be used as ideal reference genes for the gene expression profiling of V. yedoensis under different light intensities.

Genetic effect of season on the preweaning growth of beef cattle: A first approach on Retinta calves / Efecto genético de la estación climática sobre el crecimiento predestete del ganado de carne: Un primer estudio en terneros de raza Retinta / Efeito genético de estações climáticas no crescimento pré-desmame de bovinos de corte: uma primeira abordagem para os bezerros Retinta

Abstract Background: Heat stress derived from global warming is causing major economic losses in the livestock industry. Objective: To develop a novel methodological approach for determining the influence of climatic factors on the estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits in Retinta cattle breed by using reaction-norm models. Methods: Live weight records (n=7,753) from 3,162 Retinta calves born from 1,249 dams and 85 sires and raised in the Andalusian region (Spain) were analyzed. The effect of heat stress was measured using the temperature-humidity index, calculated with climatological data obtained from four weather stations. A bivariate-random-regression reaction-norm model was used to estimate the (co)variance components of weight until weaning in two different climatic seasons corresponding to warm and cold months. Results: The heritability pattern of individuals reared under diverse environments during the first 90 days of age was different. However, differences were not significant at the end of the growing period. Weaned calves reared during the cold season showed greater growth from 70 to 160 days in comparison with those reared during the warm season. Conclusions: Overall, this assessment did not show significant effects of the genotype-environment interaction. However, highly significant evidence of genotype-climatic condition interaction was found during the calf´s first three months of age.

Resumen Antecedentes: El estrés térmico derivado del calentamiento global está causando pérdidas económicas en la industria ganadera. Objetivo: Desarrollar un enfoque metodológico para estimar la influencia de algunos factores climáticos sobre la estimación de parámetros genéticos en las variables de crecimiento de la raza bovina Retinta. Métodos: Se analizaron registros de peso vivo (n=7.753) de 3.162 terneros hijos de 1.249 vacas y 85 toros, criados en la región de Andalucía (España). El efecto del estrés térmico se midió mediante un índice de temperatura-humedad obtenido a partir de los datos de cuatro estaciones meteorológicas. Se usó un modelo bivariado de regresión aleatoria de "norma-reacción" para estimar la (co)varianza del peso hasta el destete en dos diferentes épocas climáticas correspondientes a los meses cálidos y fríos. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias en el patrón de heredabilidad de individuos criados en diferentes ambientes durante los primeros 90 días de vida. Sin embargo, tales diferencias no fueron significativas al final del periodo de crecimiento. Los terneros destetados en la época fría mostraron un mayor crecimiento entre 70 y 160 días en comparación con los criados en la temporada cálida. Conclusiones: Se encontró una evidencia altamente significativa de la interacción genotipo-condición climática durante los primeros tres meses de crecimiento del ternero.

Resumo Antecedentes: O estresse térmico devido ao aumento da temperatura média está produzindo grandes perdas econômicas na indústria pecuária. Objetivo: Realizar uma nova abordagem metodológica para estimar a importância dos fatores climáticos em parâmetros genéticos em variáveis de crescimento da população da raça Retinta. Métodos: Foram analisados registros de peso vivo (n=7.753) de 3.162 Retinta bezerros, nascidos de 1.249 vacas e 85 touros criados na região da Andaluzia (Espanha). O efeito do estresse térmico foi medido utilizando o índice de temperatura-umidade obtido com dados climatológicos de quatro estações meteorológicas. Um modelo de regressão aleatória bivariado de norma-reação foi usado para estimar os componentes da (co)variância do peso à desmama em duas estações climáticas com correspondência aos meses quentes e fríos. Resultados: Diferenças foram encontradas no padrão de herdabilidade de indivíduos criados em diferentes ambientes nos primeiros 90 dias de idade. No entanto, essas diferenças não foram significativas no final do período de crescimento. Os bezerros desmamados globalmente na estação fria apresentaram um crescimento maior dos 70 aos 160 dias em comparação com os indivíduos criados na estação quente. Conclusões: Uma evidência altamente significativa da interação genótipo-ambiente foi encontrada durante os primeiros três meses de crescimento do bezerro.

Investigation of factors effecting antibiotics use of health services vocational school students

Background: The scope of this study is to evaluate information, behavior and attitude of antibiotics use of students in Golhisar Health Services Vocational School, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University.Methods: A questionnaire of 19 questions is applied to 701 students. In order to determine students’ attitude at antibiotics use; to evaluate attitude, subjective norm and intention, Likert scale consisting of multiple-choice questions were used.Results: Unattached sample test t showed that there is a significant difference in male and female students in subjective norm effecting antibiotic use and mean points of male students are higher than those of female students. It is found that antibiotic use due to attitude in 20 years and younger students than is significantly higher than 21 years old or older students. No significant difference determined among attitude, subjective norm and intention which effect use of antibiotics in terms of alcohol use, chronic disease and health insurance possession. As the programs that students are attending are evaluated, difference is observed only in attitude factor in this study. It is determined that attitude to antibiotic use of students of first and emergency aid program is lower than pharmacy services and child development programs.Conclusions: This study has shown that students are conscious about antibiotics use and their level of antibiotics use is low. Based on the results of the study, having individuals in the society educated about antibiotics use will substantially contribute to conscious use of antibiotics.

Radiation dose evaluation to male adult reference phantom from using three types of cloths with naturally occurring radioactive material / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective@#To evaluate annual skin equivalent dose and annual effective dose to consumers arising from three types of cloths samples containing naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM).@*Methods@#Firstly, measurement of radioactivity in three types of cloths were made with γ-ray spectrometer. And then, theoretical exposure scenarios were simulated with Monte Carlo software to calculate organ dose and effective dose by using ICRP reference voxel male phantom. Finally, annual skin equivalent dose and effective dose to consumers from these cloths samples were evaluated.@*Results@#In the wrapped and covered estimation models used in this study, sample mass ranged from 135 to 7 197 g, annual skin equivalent dose to consumers from these cloths samples from 155.41 to 9 028.61 μSv, and annual effective dose from 11.91 to 1 234.44 μSv.@*Conclusions@#NORM-added consumer products would cause some radiation hazard to human body.

Radiation dose evaluation to male adult reference phantom from using three types of cloths with naturally occurring radioactive material / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To evaluate annual skin equivalent dose and annual effective dose to consumers arising from three types of cloths samples containing naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM).Methods Firstly,measurement of radioactivity in three types of cloths were made with γ-ray spectrometer.And then,theoretical exposure scenarios were simulated with Monte Carlo software to calculate organ dose and effective dose by using ICRP reference voxel male phantom.Finally,annual skin equivalent dose and effective dose to consumers from these cloths samples were evaluated.Results In the wrapped and covered estimation models used in this study,sample mass ranged from 135 to 7 197 g,annual skin equivalent dose to consumers from these cloths samples from 155.41 to 9 028.61 μ Sv,and annual effective dose from 11.91 to 1 234.44 μSv.Conclusions NORM-added consumer products would cause some radiation hazard to human body.

A norma de responsabilidade social e a discriminação da mulher negra no setor industrial / Social responsibility standard and the discrimination of black women in the industrial sector

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, de forma comparativa, os impactos da norma de responsabilidade social empresarial e a discriminação das mulheres negras, na indústria de transformação sergipana. Para tanto, foram utilizados os microdados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS) do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MET) de 2007/2008 e 2013/2014. A partir da análise dos dados, nota-se, em relação à discriminação de gênero, uma tendência à predominância masculina no setor da indústria de transformação sergipana. Os dados indicam também que não apenas o sexo feminino é aquele com menor presença no setor industrial, mas é a mulher de cor preta que possui os menores percentuais de inclusão no setor industrial sergipano. Esse cenário comparativo de discriminação de gênero e raça pouco se alterou com a introdução da norma de responsabilidade social empresarial, a partir da década de 1990. Os resultados são discutidos de acordo com as teorias do sexismo e do racismo.

The aim of this study was to analyses comparatively the impact of social responsibility norm on black women discrimination in Sergipe's manufacturing industry, between 2007 and 2008 vs. 2013 and 2014. The data was collected from the Annual Report of Social Information (RAIS) of Ministry of Labor and Employment (MET). The results show a strong pattern of gender discrimination, indicating a male predominance in the Sergipe's manufacturing industry. The data also shows race discrimination, once the blacks were sub represented. Most important, was the intersection between gender and race, which demonstrates that black women had the lowest indexes of inclusion and salary in the industrial sector. This scenario of gender x race discrimination has changed little from 2007/08 to 2013/14, with the introduction of the social responsibility norm since the 1990s. The results were discussed in accordance to theories of sexism and racism.

Standard operation procedure of laparoscopic D2 distal gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer: consensus on CLASS-01 trial / 中华胃肠外科杂志

A prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial (CLASS-01) of laparoscopic versus open surgery for locally advanced distal gastric cancer provides high-level evidence-based evidence for minimally invasive surgery for locally advanced gastric cancer. The findings showed that the experienced surgeons could perform laparoscopic D2 distal gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer safely and effectively, with significant minimally invasive advantages, which attracting extensive attention in the academic community. In order to correctly understand and scientifically apply the results of this research in clinical practice, this paper summarized the research consensus of CLASS-01 trail for readers, including relevant definitions, surgical indications, device preparation, perioperative management, surgical principles and standards as well as the operational processes and quality control. The relevant standard procedures in this paper are the consensuses which were reached between the researchers when writing the CLASS-01 research plan. The basic principles referred to the international and domestic treatment guidelines and at the same time fully considered the actual situation of laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery in China. It has crucial guiding significance for the scientific development and rational promotion of laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer in China.

Standard operation procedure of laparoscopic D2 distal gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer: consensus on CLASS-01 trial / 中华胃肠外科杂志

A prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial (CLASS-01) of laparoscopic versus open surgery for locally advanced distal gastric cancer provides high-level evidence-based evidence for minimally invasive surgery for locally advanced gastric cancer. The findings showed that the experienced surgeons could perform laparoscopic D2 distal gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer safely and effectively, with significant minimally invasive advantages, which attracting extensive attention in the academic community. In order to correctly understand and scientifically apply the results of this research in clinical practice, this paper summarized the research consensus of CLASS-01 trail for readers, including relevant definitions, surgical indications, device preparation, perioperative management, surgical principles and standards as well as the operational processes and quality control. The relevant standard procedures in this paper are the consensuses which were reached between the researchers when writing the CLASS-01 research plan. The basic principles referred to the international and domestic treatment guidelines and at the same time fully considered the actual situation of laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery in China. It has crucial guiding significance for the scientific development and rational promotion of laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer in China.

Timing calibration comparison research of integrated TOF-PET/MR / 生物医学工程学杂志

Integrated TOF-PET/MR is a multimodal imaging system which can acquire high-quality magnetic resonance (MR) and positron emission tomography (PET) images at the same time, and it has time of flight (TOF) function. The TOF-PET system usually features better image quality compared to traditional PET because it is capable of localizing the lesion on the line of response where annihilation takes place. TOF technology measures the time difference between the detectors on which the two 180-degrees-seperated photons generated from positron annihilation are received. Since every individual crystal might be prone to its timing bias, timing calibration is needed for a TOF-PET system to work properly. Three approaches of timing calibration are introduced in this article. The first one named as fan-beam method is an iterative method that measures the bias of the Gaussian distribution of timing offset created from a fan-beam area constructed using geometric techniques. The second one is to find solutions of the overdetermination equations set using L1 norm minimization and is called L1-norm method. The last one called L2-norm method is to build histogram of the TOF and find the peak, and uses L2 norm minimization to get the result. This article focuses on the comparison of the amount of the data and the calculation time needed by each of the three methods. To avoid location error of the cylinder radioactive source during data collection, we developed a location calibration algorithm which could calculate accurate position of the source and reduce image artifacts. The experiment results indicate that the three approaches introduced in this article could enhance the qualities of PET images and standardized uptake values of cancer regions, so the timing calibration of integrated TOF-PET/MR system was realized. The fan-beam method has the best image quality, especially in small lesions. In integrated TOF-PET/MR timing calibration, we recommend using fan-beam method.

Psicologia, Políticas do Corpo, do Gênero e das Sexualidades: capturas e resistências do cotidiano / Psychology, Politics of the Body, Gender and Sexualities: captures and resistances of everyday life / Psicología, Políticas del Cuerpo, de Género y de las Sexualidades: capturas y resistencias de la cotidianidad / Politiques du Corps, du Genre et des Sexualités: captures et résistances du quotidien

Este artigo discute os modos como a cisheteronorma regula os corpos, o gênero e as sexualidades e funciona como um sistema que normaliza, exclui e extermina as diferenças. Apresenta-se um debate sobre a produção histórica da norma e seus efeitos na gestão das populações e nas governamentalidades modernas. Segue-se uma problematização sobre como a precarização da vida, fundamentada nas normas de sexo, de sexualidade e de gênero, pode ser tomada como ponto nevrálgico para se repensar a política. A partir da análise dos dispositivos da sexualidade e do gênero, sugere-se uma cartografia dos agenciamentos que produzem efeitos concretos no cotidiano, como a produção da materialidade dos corpos, a (in)inteligibilidade de gênero e das sexualidades, a patologização das multiplicidades sexuais e de gênero, a violência, a exclusão e a estigmatização das experiências dissidentes. Sustenta-se, por fim, uma psicologia crítica que esteja atenta a esses regimes de verdade e de poder.

This paper discusses the ways in which cisheteronormativity regulates bodies, gender and sexuality, and functions as a system that normalizes, excludes, and exterminates differences. It is presented a debate on the historical production of the norm and its effects on management of the population and on modern governmentality. It is problematized how the precarity of life, based on sex, sexuality and gender norms, could be taken as a key element to rethink politics. From the analyses of the dispositif of sexuality and gender, it is suggested a cartography of the assemblages that produce concrete effects, like the production of the materiality of the bodies, gender and sexual (un)intelligibilities, the pathologization of gender and sexual multiplicities, the violence, the exclusion, and the stigmatization of dissident experiences. Finally, it is defended a critical psychology that must be aware of these regimes of truth and regimes of power.

El artículo discute los diversos modos como la cisheteronorma regula los cuerpos, el género y las sexualidades, funcionando como un sistema que normaliza, excluye y extermina las diferencias. Se presenta un debate sobre la producción histórica de la norma, sus efectos en la gestión de las poblaciones y en las formas de gobierno modernas. Se problematiza, además, cómo la precarización de la vida, fundamentada en las normas de sexo, sexualidad y género, pueden ser tomadas como puntos neurálgicos para pensar la política. A partir del análisis de los dispositivos de la sexualidad y del género, se sugiere una cartografía de los agenciamientos que producen efectos concretos en la cotidianidad, como la producción de la materialidad de los cuerpos, la (in)inteligibilidad de género y de las sexualidades, la patologización de las multiplicidades sexuales y de género, la violencia, la exclusión y la estigmatización de las experiencias disidentes. Se explicita, finalmente, la necesidad de una psicología crítica que se mantenga atenta a esos regímenes de verdad y de poder.

Cet article traite de la manière dont la cishétéronormativité régule les corps, le genre et les sexualités et fonctionne comme un système qui normalise, exclut et extermine les différences. On présente un débat sur la production historique de la norme et ses effets sur la gestion des populations et sur gouvernabilités modernes. On observe ensuite une problématisation sur de quelle manière la précarité de la vie, basée sur les normes de sexe, de sexualité et de genre, peut être considérée le point névralgique pour repenser la politique. À partir de l'analyse des dispositifs de la sexualité et du genre, il est suggéré une cartographie des assemblages qui produisent des effets concrets dans la vie quotidienne, tels que la production de la matérialité des corps, l'(in)intelligibilité du genre et des sexualités, la pathologisation des multiplicités sexuelles et du genre, la violence, l'exclusion et la stigmatisation des expériences dissidentes. On soutient enfin une psychologie critique attentive à ces régimes de vérité et de pouvoir.